Breakdown of All Traffic Offences and Their Fines [FULL LIST]

Amid an increase in road accidents recorded in December 2025 and early January 2026, the National Transport and Safety Authority (NTSA) maintains a list of traffic offences and corresponding penalties on its website, as provided for under the Traffic Act and Traffic Rules, which guide the enforcement and prosecution of motorists in Kenya.

While NTSA does not impose fines directly, the Authority publishes and enforces compliance with road safety regulations, with penalties ultimately imposed by courts of law following enforcement by the police. The offences below form part of those regulations and attract fines as stipulated in law.

Below is a breakdown of common traffic offences and the fines motorists, PSV operators, riders, and pedestrians may face.

NTSA Lists Learner Drivers and Licensing Offences

Several offences relate to licensing and learner-driver compliance:

• Learner driving without “L” plates displayed front and rear (Rule 12(1)(b)) – Kshs 1,000
• Driving without a valid licence endorsement for the vehicle class (Section 30(1) & (7)) – Kshs 7,000
• Failure to renew a driving licence (Section 30(4) & 41) – Kshs 1,000
• Failing to carry and produce a driving licence on demand (Section 36(1) & (3)) – Kshs 1,000

Public Service Vehicle (PSV) Offences

Key offences and penalties for PSV operators:

• Driving a PSV without being the designated driver (Rule 130C(1) & (3)) – Kshs 5,000
• Allowing an unauthorised person to drive a PSV (Section 130C(1) & (3)) – Kshs 5,000
• Driving a PSV while unqualified (Section 33(c) & 41) – Kshs 7,000
• Operating a PSV with tinted windows or windscreen (Rule 54A) – Kshs 2,000
• Failure to fit prescribed speed governors in PSV or commercial vehicles (Rule 41A) – Kshs 10,000

Seat Belt and Safety Equipment Violations

In addition, the law places responsibility on both vehicle owners and operators to ensure safety equipment is available and functional:

• Failure by vehicle owner to install seat belts (Rule 22A(1) & (2)) – Kshs 1,000 per seat
• Failure by PSV conductor to maintain seat belts in usable condition (Rule 22A(5) & (6)) – Kshs 500
• Failure to wear a seat belt while the vehicle is in motion (Section 22A(3) & (4)) – Kshs 500
• Failure to carry warning signs (lifesavers) (Rule 25) – Kshs 2,000
• Failure to carry functional fire extinguishers and first-aid kits in a PSV (Rule 56(1) & (2)) – Kshs 2,000

Also Read: NTSA Responds After Multiple Fatal Accidents Claim Lives Within 24 Hours

Mobile Phone Use and Passenger Conduct

The law also addresses driver distraction and passenger safety:

• Using a mobile phone while driving (Rule 59A(1)) – Kshs 2,000
• Travelling with part of the body outside a moving vehicle (Rule 80) – Kshs 1,000

Passenger and Conductor Offences

Certain offences relating to passenger handling and conductors include:

• Picking up or dropping passengers outside designated stages or terminals (Rule 65(f) & 72) – Kshs 3,000
• Passengers boarding or alighting outside authorised stops (Rule 68(1)(x) & 72) – Kshs 1,000
• Failure to refund fare for incomplete journeys (Section 101(2)) – Kshs 5,000
• Touting (Section 103(1) & (2)) – Kshs 3,000
• Failure by PSV driver or conductor to wear official uniform and badge (Section 103A(1) & (7)) – Kshs 2,000

Also Read: NTSA Issues Road Safety Guidelines Ahead of School Reopening

Motorcycle Offences

Motorcycle riders and passengers are also covered under safety regulations:

• Riding a motorcycle without protective gear (Section 103B(1) & (7)) – Kshs 1,000
• Passenger riding without protective gear (Section 103B(1) & (7)) – Kshs 1,000
• Carrying more than one pillion passenger (Section 60(1) & (2)) – Kshs 1,000

Speeding and Road Use Violations

Speeding and misuse of road space remain among the most common offences that may attract the following penalties:

• Exceeding speed limit by 1–5 km/h (Section 42(1)) – Kshs 500
• Exceeding speed limit by 6–10 km/h – Kshs 3,000
• Exceeding speed limit by 11–15 km/h – Kshs 6,000
• Exceeding speed limit by 16–20 km/h – Kshs 10,000
• Driving on pavements or pedestrian walkways (Section 45A(1) & (2)) – Kshs 5,000

Obstruction and Compliance with Traffic Officers

Motorists are also required to obey traffic officers and avoid causing obstruction or may end up paying the following penalties:

• Failure to obey lawful directions of a police officer (Section 52(1)(a) & (2)) – Kshs 3,000
• Failure to obey traffic signs (Section 52(1)(b) & (2)) – Kshs 3,000
• Failure to stop when required by a police officer (Section 52(1)(c) & (2)) – Kshs 5,000
• Causing obstruction on a road (Section 53(1) & 67) – Kshs 10,000
• Failure to display reflective triangles when obstructing the road (Section 53(3) & (4)) – Kshs 3,000

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Photo of NTSA Headquarter. PHOTO/NTSA